What process typically arises when a dispute cannot be settled between two parties?

• A. Mediation
• B. Litigation
• C. Negotiation
• D. Arbitration

Answer: (B)

When a dispute cannot be settled between two parties, litigation is the process that typically arises. Litigation refers to the legal process in which parties take their disagreement to court, where a judge or jury makes a binding decision that resolves the conflict.

This formal process involves filing lawsuits, conducting discovery, and presenting evidence in a judicial setting. It is often seen as a last resort after other methods of resolving disputes, such as negotiation, mediation, or arbitration, have been attempted and failed. Because litigation can be time-consuming, costly, and public, parties may prefer alternative dispute resolution methods, but when those efforts do not yield results, litigation becomes necessary for a legal resolution.